Defining leadership and management (cont.)
Inspirational leadership places emphasis on the role of followers in accomplishing the goal, and the leader’s role in facilitating this process. It contrasts classic, so called ‘transactional leadership’ where power is applied by leaders to make people complete tasks, with more modern ‘transformational leadership’ where followers are motivated and engaged with the process of work, through involvement and role modelling:
Leadership behaviours
| |
Key factor |
Behaviours |
| Transformational behaviours |
Idealised influence |
Leaders act as role models, are admired, respected and trusted; consider the needs of others over their own; are consistent in their behaviours; share risks with others and conduct themselves ethically. |
| Inspirational motivation |
Leaders motivate and inspire others by providing meaning and challenge, they rouse team spirit; are enthusiastic and optimistic; communicate expectations and demonstrate commitment to shared visions. |
| Intellectual stimulation |
Leaders encourage innovation and creativity through questioning assumptions and reframing problems. They avoid public criticism of others. |
| Individualised consideration |
Leaders attend to individual needs for achievement and growth, engage in coaching mentoring, create new learning opportunities, value diversity and avoid close supervision. |
| Transactional behaviours |
Contingent rewards |
Leaders provide rewards on the condition that followers conform with performance |
| Management by exception |
Leaders take action when task related activity is not going according to plan. |
Source: Bass & Avolio
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